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| Electronic Passport (ePassport) | ICAO-compliant Machine Readable Travel Document (MRTD) into which a passive RFID chip is integrated. The chip stores the same data as the data page of the passport, along with a digital photo of the passport holder. Starting 2007, images of the holders tow index fingers must be stored on the chip. |
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| Electronic Signature | The Electronic Signature (also called Digital Signature) refers to electronic data attached or linked to a message which guarantees the authenticity and integrity of the message. Its purpose is to ensure that the sender is who he/she claims to be and that the message was not changed during transmission from the sender to the recipient. |
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| Encryption | Is the process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge (key). Encryption can be used to ensure secrecy, but other techniques are still needed to make communications secure, particularly to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message. (e.g. electronic signature) |
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| Endpaper | The front and back inside cover of passport. |
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| Enrolment | One-off capture of a biometric feature as a reference for the future verification of an individual. |
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| Entry/Exit system | A database system used by a country to monitor the residency status of foreigners in the country. |
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| ePassport | An electronic passport with a contactless chip and an antenna embedded in it. |
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| Eurodac | Database on asylum applicants and individuals who have illegally crossed an outer border of the EU. By comparing fingerprints, a member state can check whether an asylum applicant or foreigner who resides illegally in the member state has applied for asylum in another member state. Eurodac comprises a database for fingerprints managed by the European Commission and electronic systems for data transmission between the member states and the central database. In addition to fingerprints, the data transmitted by the member states also includes the member state of origin, the place and time of application, the gender of the applicant and their ID number. |
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| Extended Access Control (EAC) | The EAC protocol has been developed by the European Union to protect the more sensitive data on biometric travel documents, in particular the holder?s fingerprint images. EAC comprises two distinct phases: chip authentication and terminal authentication. During chip authentication, secure communication between the chip and the reader is established. At this point an implicit authenticity check of the stored information is also carried out. This process enables authentication of components that were allocated during personalisation to take place. Because only a ?genuine? chip is capable of establishing communication with the reader unit which is protected by both keys, chip authentication also ensures automatic ?copy-proofing? of the stored chip contents at the same time. During terminal authentication, only authorised reader units with precisely defined access rights can gain access to the information stored in the chip. Whenever communication is established between the chip and the reader unit, the reader unit?s authorisation certificate is automatically checked. |
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